Leprosy is an ancient, chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, principally affecting the skin and peripheral nerves. Leprosy is both a bacterial and an immunologic disease. The clinical manifestations of leprosy are variable and can mimic a variety of other skin diseases. Thus, microscopic examination plays an important role in early diagnosis and management. Leprosy remains a worldwide public health concern as a result of the development of drug-resistant isolates.