Globally, “Colorectal Cancer (CRC)” is a serious issue for public health. Multiple genetic and environmental factors play a large role in the development of CRC. Cell signaling pathways are essential for the emergence and development of CRC. The primary signaling pathways involved in CRC, such as Wnt, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, and TGF-, will be briefly discussed. The function of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in CRC will also be covered in this review. Last but not least, this study will review the status of available targeted treatments for CRC, such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors. According to this investigation, a deeper comprehension of the intricate cell signaling pathways in CRC is required in order to create more potent tailored treatments. In conclusion, colorectal cancer continues to pose a serious threat to global public health. Research is ongoing to determine how cell signaling affects the onset, course, and management of CRC. While EGFR inhibitors and other targeted therapies have shown promise in the treatment of CRC, their efficacy may be constrained by the presence of EGFR or KRAS gene mutations. Patients with CRC may fare better as a result of the development of customized treatment and the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Recent research has further emphasized the significance of the tumor microenvironment and the function of exosomes and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the initiation and development of CRC. These results highlight the need for a deeper comprehension of the intricate signaling networks involved in CRC and point to new therapeutic avenues. Cell signaling plays a complicated and multifaceted role in CRC. Targeted therapy, new biomarkers, and pharmacological targets have been found thanks to improvements in our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying CRC. The variety of CRC and the existence of drug resistance mechanisms, however, still provide serious difficulties in the management of this condition. In order to create more effective and individualized treatments for CRC patients, additional study is required to better understand the intricacy of cell signaling in this illness.