The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the incidence and types of postoperative complications in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients who underwent abdominal surgery at a tertiary care hospital between [time period]. Data on patient demographics, surgical procedures, and postoperative complications were collected. The complications were categorized into surgical site infections, wound dehiscence, anastomotic leaks, organ dysfunction, and others. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the prevalence and association of complications with various patient and surgical factors. Results: A comprehensive study was conducted on a sample of 300 patients who underwent abdominal surgery. The findings indicated that the overall incidence of postoperative complications was 53.3%, with the most common complications being surgical site infections (60.0%), followed by wound dehiscence (36.7%). Anastomotic leaks were observed in 30.0% of the cases, while organ dysfunction accounted for 46.7% of the complications. The analysis revealed a significant association between certain patient characteristics, such as age and comorbidities, and the occurrence of complications. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and types of postoperative complications in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The findings underscore the importance of meticulous perioperative care and infection prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of complications and improve patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore risk factors and develop targeted interventions for reducing postoperative complications in this patient population.