Incisional hernias are a common complication following abdominal surgery, often leading to significant morbidity and healthcare costs. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of incisional hernias and identify the associated risk factors in patients who have undergone abdominal surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, involving the systematic recruitment of patients who had previously undergone abdominal surgery from multiple healthcare facilities. A standardized questionnaire was utilized to collect demographic data, medical history, surgical details, and potential risk factors. Clinical examinations were performed to identify the presence of incisional hernias, with further confirmatory imaging conducted when necessary. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the prevalence of incisional hernias, and logistic regression analysis was employed to identify significant risk factors. Results: A total of 200 patients were included in the study, with an average age of 62 years. The prevalence of incisional hernias among the study population was determined to be 18%. Logistic regression analysis revealed several significant risk factors for incisional hernias, including age above 60, obesity (BMI ≥ 30), diabetes mellitus, smoking history, wound infection, and previous abdominal surgeries. Other potential risk factors, such as surgical technique, suture material, and wound closure method, were not found to be significantly associated with incisional hernias. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and risk factors for incisional hernias in patients who have undergone abdominal surgery. The identified risk factors, including age, obesity, diabetes, smoking, wound infection, and previous abdominal surgeries, can aid in risk stratification and guide preventive measures. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and develop targeted interventions to reduce the incidence of incisional hernias and improve patient outcomes.