The research aims to study the age and gender composition of the population of BabilProvince in the years 1987 and 2021 through some indicators through which indisputable numerical values can be obtained on which decision makers, development project planners and infrastructure engineers rely so that they can make the right decisions after identifying the age structure indicators. The qualitative study of the population of the study area and the study of the needs of the age groups such as schools, hospitals, homes for the elderly, and other infrastructure and services provided to the population 49.8 in 1987, offset by a decrease in the percentage of the young age category and the elderly category, which indicates that the Province’s society is close to reaching the demographic gift if the indicators of the percentages of the aforementioned groups continue in the same direction. As for the dependency ratio, it decreased in 2021 from what it was in 1987 This indicates the development of the size of the population of the family supporting the population and the shrinking of the size of the other groups, in addition to the young age of the study area’s society, since the median age of the population of the Province, its urban and rural areas did not exceed 20 years in 1987 and in 2021 it may exceed G 20, but with a slight difference in the study area community and its urban population, in addition to that the presumption of old age for the residents of the Province, its urban and rural areas did not exceed 0.11, and this is evidence of the youth of the study area community, since the presumption of old age is less than 0.40.