The Shortage of Electrical Energy is a worldwide major concern issue. the day–by–day increasing in electrical energy utilization leading to major crisis. The Promising Solution to the current world’s energy crisis is generating Electrical Energy from the sunlight. A solar cell, which converts Solar energy into Electrical Energy, must be more reliable and economical to compete with the available traditional resources. In this work, the basics of photovoltaic (PV) cells, operation and the working principle of the PV cell, the major physical properties of PV cell materials, the prospects and the significance of gallium arsenide (GaAs) in solar technology and some mathematical analysis of P-Nn junction solar cells. In addition to this, the paper projects the standard model of solar cells, I-V and P-V Characteristics Investigations, solar radiance etc.,