Now a days, Biomaterials in the form of nanomaterial is being used in various fields, commonly in clinical and biomedical research. Carbon based nanomaterials (CBNs) have unique structural dimensions and excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical properties, that’s why these materials have attracted significant interest in diverse areas, including biomedical applications. Due to these intrinsic properties, CBNs mainly include carbon nanotubes (CNT), Graphene oxide (GO), and Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), fullerenes, carbon-based quantum dots (CBQDs) have been extensively checked in biomedical field. This review summarizes the most recent studies in developing carbon-based nanomaterials for various biomedical applications including bio-sensing, drug delivery, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, antimicrobial etc.