“Trigeminal neuralgia (TN)” is a persistent neuropathic pain ailment that causes severe pain in the face. This condition damages the trigeminal nerve. Recent studies have revealed that the “Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA)”, which may play a role in the development of this condition, may be one of the factors that contribute to the etiology of TN, which is not completely known. The purpose of this review paper is to offer an outline of the present state of information regarding TN and the potential involvement of the SCA in the pathophysiology of the condition. The study begins with an overview of TN as well as its clinical manifestations, and then moves on to a review of the numerous hypotheses that have been proposed to explain its underlying mechanisms. The role of the SCA in TN, including its anatomy, the data supporting its involvement, and the probable processes by which it may cause TN, is the primary emphasis of the study and is where the majority of the attention is placed. The paper also examines the several diagnostic techniques that may be used to detect SCA compression in individuals who have TN, in addition to the different therapy choices that can be used for this illness. Even though the precise pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie TN are not yet completely understood, the evidence suggests that the SCA may play a significant role in the development of this condition.