This critical review investigates the adherence levels to preventive measures within government medical clinics, a cornerstone of public healthcare systems. Despite the established protocols for infection control, vaccination, and patient education, varying levels of implementation raise concerns about their effectiveness in safeguarding public health. Through a comprehensive evaluation encompassing surveys, interviews, and direct observations across selected clinics, this review identifies the extent of adherence and the factors influencing it, such as resource allocation, staff training, and policy frameworks. The findings reveal a significant disparity in adherence rates, influenced by both internal clinic factors and external socio-economic conditions. The impact of these adherence levels on public health outcomes, particularly in terms of disease prevention and control, underscores the critical need for strategic interventions. Recommendations for enhancing compliance with preventive measures include policy reform, increased funding, and community engagement initiatives. This review contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving preventive healthcare practices in public facilities, with implications for healthcare policy and management.