Bone grafts and membranes play a crucial role in periodontal treatment, offering solutions for bone regeneration and tissue repair. This comprehensive review explores the various aspects of bone grafts and membranes in periodontology, including their definition, purpose, types, and clinical applications. Review aims to give an introduction to bone grafts and membranes, highlighting their significance in periodontal treatment, delves into the different types of bone grafts, such as autogenous, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic grafts, along with their harvesting techniques, advantages, and limitations, focus on membrane types and properties, discussing resorbable membranes, non-resorbable membranes, and combination membranes.