Colchicine is an alkaloid compound that is widely used for the treatment of gout and other inflammatory conditions. However, its clinical application is limited due to its low bioavailability and potential toxicity. Nanoparticles have been explored as a potential solution to overcome these limitations. In this review, we discuss the formulation of colchicine loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles for the preparation of a transdermal gel. Sodium alginate is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that has been extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry for the formulation of controlled-release drug delivery systems. The use of nanoparticles can increase the surface area of the drug and enhance its bioavailability. We provide a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of sodium alginate and the formulation of sodium alginate nanoparticles for colchicine delivery. We also discuss the loading of colchicine into sodium alginate nanoparticles and the characterization of colchicine loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles. The transdermal delivery of colchicine has numerous advantages, including avoiding the first-pass metabolism and reducing the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. We describe the formulation of a transdermal gel using colchicine loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles and the characterization of the gel. In vitro and in vivo studies on colchicine release from sodium alginate nanoparticles and the transdermal delivery of colchicine using sodium alginate nanoparticles are also discussed. Finally, we highlight the potential applications of sodium alginate nanoparticles in other drug delivery systems and provide future research directions.