The current paper provides an overview of the recent advances in drug delivery systems with a focus on enhancing efficiency and achieving targeted therapeutics. The field of drug delivery has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, aiming to improve drug efficacy, reduce side effects, and increase patient compliance. The paper emphasizes the need of efficient drug delivery systems in overcoming various challenges associated with conventional drug administration and innovative approaches to optimize drug delivery. Now a day the various strategies are employed to achieve site-specific drug delivery, including passive and active targeting approaches with the possibility of externally controlled release mechanism. Passive targeting exploits the unique physiological characteristics of the target site, such as enhanced permeability and retention effect, while active targeting employs ligands, antibodies or physical system to selectively deliver drugs to specific cells or tissues. In recent years the utilization of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems is becoming choice of research as they provide enhanced drug stability, controlled release, and enhanced targeting capabilities. The paper discusses the design principles, fabrication methods, and challenges associated with nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in drug delivery systems, emphasizing their role in enhancing efficiency and proposes a model for achieving targeted therapeutics.