Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy drug that has greatly improved cancer treatment outcomes. However, its effectiveness is hindered by the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in cancer patients. This comprehensive review aims to extensively examine the ADRs caused by cisplatin in patients with cancer. The review initially discusses the mechanisms of how cisplatin works and how it is processed in the body (pharmacokinetics). It then thoroughly explores the various types of ADRs associated with cisplatin, which include kidney toxicity, hearing loss, neurological issues, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and others. The review delves into the underlying mechanisms and risk factors that contribute to the development of these ADRs. The use of combination therapies involving cisplatin and other drugs has been extensively explored as a promising approach to address drug resistance and minimize toxicity. The review concludes by highlighting the importance of individualized patient monitoring and proactive management of ADRs to optimize the therapeutic benefits of cisplatin while minimizing its associated toxicity.