This article presents an exhaustive review of four relevant topics in the agroecological and sustainable field: evaluation of vegetation cover and its influence on weed control in citrus crops, evaluation of agroecological systems through biological indicators of soil quality, green (bio)catalytic systems for the development of sustainable chemical processes, and perspectives on the use and production of biopolymers. A bibliometric review is carried out to analyze the scientific production and trends in each of these areas. In addition, the methodology used for the evaluation of vegetation cover, the measurement of soil biological indicators, the implementation of green (bio)catalytic systems and the production of biopolymers is presented. The results obtained from previous studies in each of these areas are discussed and analyzed. Finally, the conclusions are presented and future prospects in terms of research and practical applications in sustainable agriculture are highlighted.