Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) has been used as one of the most important spices due to its potential pharmacological and functional values for centuries in India. It is primarily used to treat flatulence, atonic dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal tumours, stomach discomfort, piles, and bronchial difficulties. It is also used to treat amenorrhea, asthma and appetite deficiency. Ajwain possesses of significant antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics and activities as well. Essential oil derived from ajwain seed nowadays gained significant importance due to occurrence of thymol, -terpinene, and p-cymene as major terpenoids Moreover, aromatic essential oils contains the chemical compounds like aldehydes, phenols, sulphur, and nitrogen etc.The use of the essential oils (EO) as safe flavouring agent and medicinal goods is widespread. This review paper deals -with extensive survey on occurrence of essential oil, its chemistry, availability of functional components and different extraction methods including conventional as e.g. steam distillation, hydrodistillation, solvent extration etc. and non-conventional e.g. Microwave assisted extraction (MAE), Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) and Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) etc. based upon latest research finding.