The pathophysiology of epilepsy or epileptogenicity occur due to alterations of normal physiological processes, which lead to synchronous and sustained firing of a population of neurons in the brain. Altered excitatory and inhibitory influences predispose to excessive synchrony within neuronal populations. The behavioral manifestations of a seizure reflect the function of the cortical neurons involved in the generation and spread of abnormal electrical activity. Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases are the most important risk factors for new-onset epilepsy in the elderly, which account for 30%–50% in all identified causes. Post traumatic seizure is defined as a seizure occurring after head trauma which is causally related to the trauma itself. Traumatic brain Injury (TBI), apart from its major morbidity and mortality is a major cause of epilepsy. Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) play a major role in the etiology of epilepsy. One of the MCD subtypes is focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). The disorder is the result of neuronal proliferation and differentiation disruption during brain development. The diagnosis of epilepsy is typically based on the description of the seizure and surrounding events. An electroencephalogram (EEG) and neuroimaging are also usually part of the workup. While figuring out a specific epileptic syndrome is often attempted, it is not always possible. Video-EEG monitoring may be useful in difficult cases. EEG continues to play a central role in diagnosis and management of patients with seizure disorders in conjunction with the new remarkable variety of other diagnostic techniques developed over the last years because it is a convenient and relatively inexpensive way to demonstrate the physiological manifestations of abnormal cortical excitability that underlie epilepsy