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ISSN 2063-5346
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AN OVERVIEW ABOUT ANATOMY OF SKELETAL MUSCLES

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Basma Salah Abd-Elhay, Mohey Elsaid Hulail, Manal Mohammad Morsy, Mona Abdelatty Ahmed
» doi: 10.53555/ecb/2023.12.Si13.237

Abstract

Background: The musculoskeletal system comprises one of the major tissue/organ systems in the body. The three main types of muscle tissue are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle groups. Skeletal muscle attaches to the bone by tendons, and together they produce all the movements of the body. The skeletal muscle fibers are crossed with a regular pattern of fine red and white lines, giving the muscle a distinctive striated appearance. Hence they are also known as striated muscles. Skeletal muscle function is to produce movement, by pulling on the skeletal frame of the body, to maintain posture and to protect the underlying structures, particularly in areas lacking skeletal protection. In addition, muscular contraction causes thermogenesis and acts as a vascular pump. Lymph capillaries originate in skeletal muscle in the microvascular unit within the endomysium near the main capillary bed and drain the tissue fluid. These capillaries merge to form the lymphatic vessels as they drain out the tissue fluid. These lymphatic vessels go through the perimysium and join with the larger lymphatic vessels. Gastrocnemius is a large muscle located in the posterior leg. Posteriorly, is the most superficial of the muscles of the leg, and forms the bulk of the calf. It takes its name from the Greek words γαστήρ (gaster) meaning stomach or belly, and κνήμη (kneme) meaning leg; the combination of the two words means the “belly of the leg” or in other words the bulk of the calf. In conjunction with the soleus muscle, it is a component of a composite, three-headed group of muscles referred to as triceps surae. The triceps surae is a musculotendinous complex involved in balance and walking. It is a heavily used muscle in athletes. The complexity of its architecture is linked to its fundamental role during the various phases of walking and running. The Achilles tendon, named after the mythical hero of Homer’s the Iliad, is the strongest tendon in the human body. The Achilles tendon sees the highest loads in the body, experiencing up to 10 times body weight during running, skipping, and jumping.

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