Background: Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection of the zygomycete family that can cause various types of infections. In most cases, there exist underlying conditions that predispose the hosts to the infection. As the fungi responsible are typical environmental organisms, they are usually non-pathologic in immunocompetent individuals. In immunosuppressed patients, however, these otherwise innocuous organisms can become a devastating and difficult-to-treat opportunistic infection. There are several clinical forms of infection: pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, encephalic, and rhinocerebral. The latter must be differentiated from allergic fungal sinusitis, which is a non-invasive, local overgrowth in immunocompetent patients, Rarely, kidney may be involved by contiguous spread from overlying infected incision or from infected donor in renal transplant recipients. As the mucorales infections have an almost universal feature of extensive angioinvasion associated with thrombosis and ischemic necrosis, kidneys are similarly involved in the process with consequent complications. Some data have also demonstrated the ability of R. oryzae sporangiospores or hyphae to adhere to subenthodelial matrix proteins and human endothelial cells. The clinical manifestations of renal mucormycosis depend upon whether the disease is unilateral or bilateral and whether it is disseminated or isolated to the kidney. The common clinico-laboratory features in this condition described by researchers, were fever (88%), flank pain and tenderness (70%), haematuria and pyuria (70%), and concomitant bacterial urinary tract infection (53%). Acute renal failure was observed in 92% of patients with bilateral renal involvement. As emphasized by these authors, mucormycosis is being increasingly encountered as a cause of otherwise unexplained acute renal failure. Prognosis of renal mucormycosis is dismal with nearly 100% mortality in patients with bilateral renal involvement and acute kidney injury. Majority of survivors of renal mucormycosis have been those with unilateral renal involvement who received timely appropriate antifungal therapy with nephrectomy