Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to impact between 13% and 32% of the global population. NAFLD has been more clearly described as having 5% or more hepatic steatosis without hepatocellular damage. Hepatic steatosis or the buildup of extra adipose tissue in the liver is a condition inducing NAFLD. The disease development of NAFLD was also known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis which characterized by inflammatory changes that can lead to progressive liver injury, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Some species of brown algae were reported and proven to content phytocomplex with polysaccharides, phlorotannins and other polyphenols, and sulfolipids as discussed. The mechanisms of action underlying the preventative effects of brown algae on NAFLD have been the subject of very few investigations. However, the ideal conditions for determining the potential health benefits that these algae may have cannot be established. Moreover, the advantageous benefits of algae reported in rodents must also be proven in humans in future studies and investigations. The aim of this review is to provide scientific information on the therapeutic benefits of brown algae on fatty liver in preclinical and clinical studies, along with the mechanisms of action involved.