PCOS, which stands for polycystic ovary syndrome, is a prevalent endocrine condition that affects women of reproductive age. Insulin resistance (IR) often known as IR, is widely regarded as a defining characteristic of PCOS and plays a crucial part in the development of the condition. In this review, the goal is to investigate the association between insulin resistance and PCOS with a particular emphasis on the processes that underlie this association, the clinical symptoms of IR in PCOS, and the diagnostic and therapeutic options that are currently available for controlling IR in PCOS. IR is a factor in the development of several essential characteristics of PCOS. These characteristics include hyperandrogenism, menstrual abnormalities, and metabolic problems. The evaluation of insulin resistance in patients with PCOS is necessary for the early identification and management of the disorder. Alterations in lifestyle, including but not limited to dieting and exercise, are the primary forms of treatment available for the management of IR in PCOS. In addition, pharmaceutical therapies such as metformin and insulin-sensitizing drugs have shown promising results in improving metabolic and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS. Understanding the connection between insulin resistance and PCOS is essential for the treatment of this relatively common endocrine condition.