Overcrowding and poverty are contributing factors for impaired immunity in tuberculosis, studies suggest that malnutrition is triggering factor. A controlled clinical trial was conducted to investigate whether an arginine adjuvant therapy with Arachis hypogea (peanuts) could lead to a clinical improvement in smear positive TB patients comparing the outcome on smear conversion, C Reactive Protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Smear positive and symptoms suggestive of active pulmonary tuberculosis (n=196) consisting of 98 patients with peanut administration and Directly observed Therapy short course (DOTs) therapy in study group and the other 98 as controls without peanut administration and on only DOTs therapy were chosen as control for present study. ESR, CRP and Acid fast bacilli (AFB) grading by microscopy were recorded at baseline, two weeks and one month after initiating the treatment regimen in both study and controls. Data was analyzed in SPSS V25. Smear conversion rate was markedly high, ESR and CRP levels noted were specific for each individual that had clinical improvement but did not show any statistical significance. Further studies can be conducted to evaluate the complete role of arginine food supplementation in early recovery of tuberculosis so that in under developed and developing countries like India, the nutritional supplement in the form of peanuts will be a boon.