This article provides an in-depth analysis of the efficacy of various radiology techniques in disease detection, encompassing X-rays, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT) scans, ultrasounds, and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans. It evaluates these methods based on diagnostic accuracy, speed and efficiency, patient safety, and cost-effectiveness. The review highlights the significant role of radiology in modern diagnostics while acknowledging the challenges, including access disparities, the potential for interpretation errors, and issues related to overdiagnosis. Technological advancements and the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in radiology, aiming to enhance image quality and diagnostic precision, are also discussed. The article concludes with insights into the future directions of radiology, emphasizing the need for balanced approaches that leverage technological innovations while mitigating associated risks. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse in medical diagnostics, providing valuable perspectives for healthcare professionals and policymakers.