Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease of an immature retina in premature neonates and it is the commonest cause of preventable blindness in infancy and childhood. Aim: This study aimed to assess nurses' performance regarding prevention of retinopathy of premature infant in neonatal intensive care units. Design: A descriptive research design was used. Setting: This study was conducted at neonatal intensive care unit in Mostafa Hassan Hospital affiliated to University Hospital and General Hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health. Sample: A purposive sample that was consisted of 60 nurses who providing care for premature and low birth weight infants in NICUs in the previous mentioned settings. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection 1st tool: A structured interview questionnaire to assess nurse's knowledge regarding prevention of retinopathy of premature infant in neonatal intensive care units. 2nd tool: Observational checklist to assess nurses’ practices regarding of prevention of Retinopathy of Premature Infant in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Results: Revealed that, the mean age of the studied nurses was 27.62±5.2 years and 73.3% of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding prevention of retinopathy of premature infant. Also, there was a positive correlation between the studied nurse's knowledge and practices .Conclusion: Based on results of the present study, it can be concluded that: nearly three quarter of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding prevention of retinopathy of premature infant and nearly two third of them had incompetent practices regarding prevention for infant with retinopathy of prematurity. Recommendations: Constantly educational training program for pediatric nurses working in NICUs to improve their knowledge and practices regarding prevention of retinopathy of premature infant in NICUs.