Pesticides are natural or synthetic chemicals of public health concern. They are used to prevent, repel, destroy, and mitigate pests and vectors causing human and animal diseases as well as pests that grow on and harm plants. Although the application of pesticides has advantages of improving agricultural productivity and reducing insect-borne diseases, pesticides may pose threats due to their nonbiodegradability. Persistence of pesticides in the environment leads to unavoidable exposure of human and animals to these toxic compounds that contaminate air, water, soil, and food, resulting in incidence of toxicological hazards in mammals. The discovery of imidacloprid by Shinzo Kagabu, and its subsequent market introduction in 1991, started the era of the neonicotinoid class of insecticides. followed in 1999 by thiamethoxam and its metabolite, clothianidin, Over the following two decades, neonicotinoids have become the most widely used insecticides on the global market. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are involved in rapid neurotransmission in both insect and mammalian nervous systems and play major roles in learning and memory. Acetamiprid is a widely used second generation neonicotinoid of outstanding systemic action and potency. It is used for control of insects on several crops and sucking insects like aphids, bees and mosquitoes. Acetamiprid, a member of neonicotinoid synthetic chlorinated insecticide family is a new insecticide that has been introduced in the market. It is used against insects that have gained resistance to organophosphate, carbamate and synthetic pyrethroids. Homicide or suicide cases using acetamiprid are also expected to increase in the future.