A caspase-activating complex known as the inflammasome was discovered in 2002, according to Martinon and Kimberly. The inflammasome comprises caspase-1, caspase-5, Pycard/Asc, and NALP1, a protein with a Pyrin domain that is structurally similar to NODs. Infections brought on by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa may result in the host's demise. As a defender, the host immune system protects the body from pathogen attack. The destruction and removal of invasive microorganisms is facilitated by both innate and adaptive immune systems. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), respectively, are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are part of the innate immune system. The innate immune system has a challenge when a pathogenic agent or tissue harm is present because it must integrate numerous signals in order to mount a good defence. Inflammasomes emerged in the last decade to constitute fundamental processing units contributing to PAMP and DAMP sensing, which actively participate in integration of their downstream signalling, in addition to Toll-like receptors (TLR), Lectin receptors, RIG-Ilike receptors, and oligoadenylate synthase (OAS)-like receptor. When dysregulated, the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders, including cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, gout, autoinflammatory diseases, and atherosclerosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for host immune defences against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections.