Malaria, the most common parasitic disease globally, is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. With 229 million cases and 409,000 deaths in 2019, Africa is the most affected region, accounting for 94% of total cases and deaths. The disease is caused by five Plasmodium species: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. The increasing prevalence of P. vivax infections poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Imported malaria cases into non-endemic regions and malaria-free countries are becoming a public health challenge. Egypt, known since ancient times, has successfully eliminated malaria but is currently preventing re-introduction. The last locally transmitted case was in 1998, but epidemiological evidence suggests a risk of resurgence in areas where malaria was eliminated but vectors still exist.