Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which β-cells of pancrease that secrets insulin have impaired function due to destruction by cell-mediated immune response. This disease results from immune system breakdown, which is predominantly mediated via T helper 1 (Th1) cells, accompanied by the activation and islet infiltration of immune cells, which collaborate to destroy pancreatic β cells and cause overt hyperglycaemia. Carotid artery Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) is a new noninvasive ultrasound test that is being recommended by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology to screen for heart disease in apparently healthy individuals. the CIMT of the patients with microvascular complications was significantly increased compared with the patients without complications indicating a strong relation between CIMT and early stages of microangiopathy and macroangiopathy. Thus, when microvascular complications have developed, one should be alert to take precautions for atherosclerosis. Visfatin is a novel adipokine originally described to be produced predominantly by visceral fat tissue. It also synthesized by bone marrow cells, activated lymphocytes, liver cells, skeletal muscle cells, cardiomyocytes and brain cells. It is a hormone which exerts adipogenic effects and insulin-mimetic. Visfatin is ubiquitous cellular enzyme also called nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (NAMPT) and pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF). It was found that estimated visfatin level among prediabetic obese patients, diabetes mellitus (DM) patients had higher visfatin levels than those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Visfatin had a significant positive correlation with BMI, WC, FBS, PPS, HbA1c, LDL, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR), while HDL had a significant negative correlation, suggesting that it can play a role in pathogenesis of type 2 DM, and also could be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of type 2 DM