Diketones, also known as diones, are a significant class of organic compounds that feature two ketone functional groups (-C=O) within the same molecule. They have demonstrated immense versatility and found applications in various fields. Since their initial discovery in 1867, diketones have played a fundamental role in organic synthesis, offering a wide range of chemical reactions and applications. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis of 1,3-diketones over the span of 154 years, from 1867 to the present day. Moreover, this article encompasses numerous and important reactions that have been extensively explored and documented, contributing to the understanding and utilization of these compounds in diverse scientific endeavours.