The remediation of xenobiotics from wastewater is of utmost importance due to its detrimental effects. Various chemical and physical processes are employed for the retrieval of xenobiotics from wastewater, encompassing ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ultrafiltration. The utilisation of microalgae in the biological approach has garnered attention from the scientific community due to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency in the removal and absorption of organic and elemental pollutants from wastewater. Chlorella vulgaris was employed as a biological adsorbent in the process of remediating domestic wastewater (DW). The findings of this study demonstrated that the use of C. vulgaris led to the efficient removal of pollutants and the enhancement of various physicochemical properties of wastewater, including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and alkalinity. Concurrently, it also resulted in a reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, as well as heavy metals (HMs) including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and nutrient load such as phosphate and nitrate in domestic wastewater (DW). The successful mitigation of pollutants was achieved within a time frame of 4 hours through the cultivation of C. vulgaris. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the physicochemical variables and algal biomass. Therefore, the present study proposes the implementation of biological wastewater treatment, employing C. vulgaris as a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative, to effectively eliminate contaminants and reinstate the physicochemical characteristics of water.