Background; Vascular calcification has emerged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in chronic kidney disease. Vitamin K is a composite term referring to a group of fat-soluble vitamins that function as a cofactor for the enzyme -glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), which activates a number of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) involved in haemostasis and vascular and bone health