Classically, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as an estimated fetal weight (EFW) or fetal abdominal circumference (AC) measured by ultrasonography below the 10th percentile. An EFW or AC below the 3rd percentile is defined as severe IUGR. Cases starting under 32 weeks of gestation should be defined as early-onset, and cases starting after 32 weeks of gestation should be defined as late-onset IUGR. A fetus with IUGR is exposed to increased intrauterine risks of fetal distress and death, neurologic developmental disorders as well as meconium aspiration at birth. Neonatal risks include hypoglycemia, long admission to intensive care units, hypothermia, polycythemia, jaundice, feeding difficulties, necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and pulmonary hemorrhage. These infants also have increased risks of type 2 diabetes, obesity, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension in adult life. In fetuses with growth restriction, mortality around birth is 6-10 times more common and 35% of stillbirths occur in preterm fetuses. Also, the rate of asphyxia reaches 50%, however the prevention of these events can be achieved by recognizing cases of growth restriction and optimal care. People affected by IUGR had a high risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes in their later years. Overall, growth-restricted fetuses have a higher rate of conditions associated with prematurity, experience worse neurodevelopmental outcome and are at increased risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood, such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, Type-2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and stroke