Background and Objectives: Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disorder caused by a dysregulated immune response to the gut microbiota, which is influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic variables. TNF-α stimulates the inflammatory response by inducing a cascade of immune responses, including an increase in pro-inflammatory mediators and proteases, activation of chemotaxis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, all of which lead to ulceration and bleeding via cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Caesalpinia pulcherrima has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, the curative effect of CPE on ulcerative colitis in rats is assessed.