Diseases of children under one year of age are one of the main indicators of public health. It is a unique barometer-indicator that shows the socio-economic development of the country, the sanitary-demographic situation of the population, the quality of medical services, the efficiency of sanitary-epidemiology, prevention and treatment. Analyzing the diseases of children under one year of age, their causes and dynamics, equips health institutions with the necessary information to improve children's health.