The physical and biological properties of coastal systems, as well as the structure and function of their ecosystems, will be modified as a result of the consequences of higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations, such as changes in ocean chemistry. Consequently, coastal nations are losing marine life, fish stocks, and coastlines. Coral reefs, which are extremely sensitive to changes in sea surface temperature, are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth. Most coral reefs are at risk of being destroyed by a 2°C temperature rise, which is associated with CO2 concentrations of 500 ppm. As the ocean becomes more acidic due to absorbed CO2 from the Earth's atmosphere, it poses a threat to living reefs, which could eventually be replaced by seaweed-dominated mounds of rubble as temperatures continue to rise. The global biosphere faces an unprecedented challenge from these impacts, which will compound the strain caused by local anthropogenic effects. While everyone on the planet will feel the effects, certain places will feel them more keenly than others