Background: Schizophrenia is characterized by irregular, alternating episodes of exacerbation and remission of psychotic symptoms. In schizophrenic patients, medication non-adherence is highly prevalent. Many strategies have been used to increase medication adherence. It has been demonstrated that compliance therapy can enhance drug attitudes towards medication use and change negative perceptions of drugs. Methods: A study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of compliance therapy in a setting of acute care. In accordance with DSM-IV criteria, 50 patients (25 in each group) with schizophrenia underwent a four-week treatment period lasting 30 to 40 minutes each day, followed by three weeks of weekly telephone follow-up sessions. The patients were selected from consecutive admissions to an acute in-patient facility. The updated Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) version was used to rate the primary outcome measures