Effectiveness data is an important parameter that describes the successful work of a drug in daily clinical practice and can provide recommendations to policy makers in hospitals when evaluating or reviewing drugs for hospital formularies. Research on the effectiveness of carboplatin-paclitaxel for advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients is still limited in Indonesia. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of carboplatin-paclitaxel with carboplatin-paclitaxel in patients with advanced NSCLC. This study is an observational retrospective cohort study that observed the medical records of advanced NSCLC patients at the Arifin Achmad Regional General Hospital, Riau Province with a time span of January 2020 to Desember 2021. Effectiveness seen in Progression free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) based on the patient’s medical record and analyzed using the Kapplan Meier method of survival analysis. A total of 90 samples met the research criteria where 85 patients had used carboplatin-paclitaxel and 5 patients had used cisplatin-paclitaxel. Carboplatin-paclitaxel had a longer PFS (63 days or 2 months) than cisplatin-paclitaxel (8 days or 0 months) with p = 0,098; 95% CI = 0,850-5,376 the same goes for OS events, where carboplatin-paclitaxel had a longer OS (426 days or 14 months) than cisplatin-paclitaxel (148 days or 5 months) with p = 0,226; 95% CI = 0,415-27,685. The Effectiveness of carboplatin-paclitaxel with cisplatin-paclitaxel was not statistically significant. However, when viewed from external parameters (PFS and OS), showed that the effectiveness of carboplatin-paclitaxel was better than cisplatin-paclitaxel as the first- choice therapy in NSCLC patients