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ISSN 2063-5346
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Efficient, Cooperative and Network attributes-Enhanced PRoPHET+ Protocol (EPP) over IoT-enabled Opportunistic Network

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Sagar Bose1, Riya Samanta2, Indrajit Banerjee3
» doi: 10.48047/ecb/2022.12.10.613

Abstract

Opportunistic networks are fault-tolerant networks that encounter frequent link failures and a highly intermittent nature. Due to the considerable round trip time, Opportunistic routing protocols typically follow a store-carry-forward routine. As a result, the mobile nodes must keep their message bundles until they meet appropriate forwarders that can further carry these bundles to the desired node. Opportunistic Network is considered one of the major components for the Internet of Things (IoT)-based intelligent systems where end-to-end connections between IoT-enabled nodes are not reliable. The primary motivation of this proposed protocol (EPP) is to consider different physical attributes of participating IoT-enabled mobile nodes and their positional attributes with a current message time-to-live value and decide on routing hops. The primary aim is to increase message delivery rate while keeping an optimal balance between routing overhead, hop count, and cooperation among IoT-enabled nodes. EPP works on delivery rates to find the routing path for message bundles. This predictability value is manipulated using a weighted function of parameters like nodes buffer, bandwidth, power, popularity, and deliverable probability. Besides, EPP also considers statistics on nodes transmission range, the ratio of forwarders distance from the destination to that from the sender, nodes’ success ratio, Message TTL, and finally, Enhancement factor, which regulates the contact probability of sender and candidate node. The proposed routing protocol is designed to keep its deployment perspective in handling post-disaster rescue operations. The algorithm is even applied to other movement models, such as the random waypoint mobility model and the shortest map-based mobility model. The simulation shows that EPP maintains high delivery probability while efficiently balancing average latency, average hop count, and overhead ratio.

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