This critical review examines the current landscape of Emergency Health Information Management (EHIM) by analyzing existing literature, technologies, and case studies that highlight the management of health information during crises. The review discusses the historical evolution of EHIM, focusing on the transition from manual systems to advanced digital solutions, including the integration of AI and blockchain technology. Key challenges are identified, such as data security, system interoperability, and ensuring universal access to crucial health information. The analysis also covers various international and national policies that govern the management of emergency health information and proposes a set of best practices based on successful global implementations. The strengths and weaknesses of current EHIM practices are critically analyzed, offering a balanced view that highlights significant gaps and suggests potential areas for improvement. This review aims to provide stakeholders with a comprehensive understanding of the field's complexities and the technological advancements that can aid in better managing health-related information during emergencies. The ultimate goal is to enhance response effectiveness and improve outcomes in crisis situations through better information management.