Background: Various opinions persist regarding advantages and benefits of single- visit and multiple- visit pulpectomy based on their clinical and radiographic success. Aim: The aim of the present study was to clarify whether performing pulpectomy in the primary tooth in a single visit or in multiple visits, makes any difference in term of efficacy or complications or both, based on the available literature. Study Design: This systematic review has been registered at the international prospective register of systematic review – Prospero CRD42021268710. This review follows the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Electronic databases (PubMed [MEDLINE], COCHRANE Library, EMBASE, EBSCO host, and Google Scholar database) were searched for corresponding references up to 2021. Risk of bias was assessed for individual studies according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias (adapted from Higgins and Altman)