The results of complex pathogenetic therapy of patients with injuries of the mandibular bone have been published. The scientific novelty is based on the study of microbiocenosis of the oral cavity. The study concluded that the role of local immune factors including lysozyme phagocytic avtivity of neutrophils, in the development of complications of mandibular fractures was proved, and that these factors are the main cause of an increase in the concentration of pathogenic microflora and unfavorable prognosis of the disease. In addition , the high clinical, immunological and microbiological efficacy of the complex treatment of traumatic osteomyelits of the lower jaw was determined