Globally infectious diseases are the leading risk factor for death, with viruses having a particularly large influence on healthcare and socio-economic development. Additionally, the fast development of medication resistance to presently available medicines, as well as harmful side effects from long-term usage is a major public health concern. Nanomedicine technology is developing as a novel technique capable of overcoming the limitations of molecular treatments and increasing their anti-infective activity by site-specific delivery to infection sites, lowering off-target effects and/or control of resistance emergence. NPs have distinctive physical features that are important in administration of drugs. Nanotechnologies have therapeutic applications and the potential to aid in the detection of viruses and viral diseases in the laboratory. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have minimal side effects and are safe and non-toxic, it has an interior hollow area; they are often used as nano-drug carriers. Up to date biopharmaceutical engineering is becoming a prominent topic.