Chromatography is a separation method that divides mixture components according to their physical and chemical characteristics. Chromatography was first discovered in the early 19th century, and Mikhail Tswett, a Russian botanist, made the first significant advancement in the field of chromatography in 1903. Chromatography has played a significant role in the advancement of many fields, including biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science. There are various chromatographic techniques, such as gas chromatography and paper chromatography. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and two-dimensional chromatography are recent developments in chromatography technology. Chromatography is a vital technique in scientific research that enables the separation, purification, and identification of components in complex mixtures such as mixtures of amino acids and other biomolecules.