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ISSN 2063-5346
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Expression of IL-8 is associated with disease severity in Egyptian COVID-19 patients

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Samah Mamdouh, Amr Abdelraouf, Eman H. A. Hemida, Basem Eysa, Gehan Hammad, Lamiaa Kamal, Mohamed Shemis
» doi: 10.31838/ecb/2023.12.6.151

Abstract

The coronavirus disease, or COVID-19, caused considerable morbidity and mortality all over the world. It was noticed that patients with severe and complicated forms of COVID-19 have a dysregulated hyper-inflammatory immune response. The role of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) as a biomarker in COVID-19 is under current debate, conflicting data have been shown concerning the association of IL-8 levels with the disease severity of patients. In the current study, we evaluate the expression level of IL-8 in a group of infected coronavirus patients and analyze the relationship between the IL-8 profile and patient outcomes depending on the severity of the disease course. Patients and Methods: One hundred and forty symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients and 70 healthy individuals were included. We implemented a cytokine assay to measure IL-8 and evaluate its expression, analyzed the correlation between IL-8 levels and the outcomes of severely infected patients. Results: Infected coronavirus patients showed an elevation in IL-8 expression both in serum and plasma, protein level of IL-8 was increased in infected patients when compared to healthy volunteers. Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) showed that IL-8 has a diagnostic efficiency with cutoff point of >5.85, sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 100.0%, and an area under curve (AUC)= 1. Statistical analysis revealed that the relative expression levels of IL-8 were positively correlated with disease severity. The results revealed that IL-8 levels could be used as a prognostic marker for prediction of ICU patients admission and that its level was a risk factor for mortality. Conclusion: IL-8 exhibited an early elevation response to coronavirus infection supporting its role as an early predictor of severe disease and that it might be a sensitive and specific prognostic indicator for infection and disease severity and clinical outcomes such as respiratory failure and ICU dmission

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