The objectives of this research were to study 1) characteristics of basic personal, economic, and social information of farmers and their level of knowledge and understanding of farmers in on-farm water management; 2) factors affecting the success of on-farm water management; and 3) problems, obstacles, and suggestions about factors affecting the success of on-farm water management for sustainable agriculture of The sample group used in the study was 282 farmers which used irrigation water at Ban Wen Tonhaen, in Xayboury District, Savannakhet Province. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to find percentage, mean, and standard deviation; and inferential statistics, namely multiple regression analysis, to find factors affecting the success of on-farm water management.