Endodontic retreatment is a crucial aspect of endodontic therapy, aimed at addressing failed root canal treatments. The success of endodontic retreatment is influenced by a myriad of factors that encompass patient characteristics, clinician expertise, and technological advancements in the field. This review article delves into the multifaceted aspects that impact the outcomes of endodontic retreatment procedures. Patient-related factors such as systemic health conditions, anatomical complexities, and compliance with post-treatment care play a pivotal role in determining the success of retreatment. Furthermore, the clinician's experience, use of advanced instrumentation, and adherence to contemporary techniques significantly influence the efficacy of endodontic retreatment. Moreover, the role of microbial factors, such as the presence of persistent infections and biofilms, cannot be overlooked in the context of retreatment success. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse factors that contribute to the success or failure of endodontic retreatment procedures, thereby aiding clinicians in enhancing treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.