Hearing loss is a widespread global issue, affecting millions of individuals, with genetic factors playing a significant role in its development. This condition, particularly in children, has far-reaching consequences on speech, language acquisition, and social development. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) stands as the most prevalent sensory impairment. Its root causes encompass a wide range of genetic and environmental factors, which can result in hearing impairment of various types. Habilitation options usually center around amplification through wearable or implantable devices. Nevertheless, there are ongoing investigations into gene therapy-based approaches aimed at restoring and preventing hearing loss. Recent studies illustrate the therapeutic potential of molecular agents administered to the inner ear for the improvement of various types of hearing loss. While current interventions rely on hearing aids and cochlear implants, advances in genetic diagnosis and therapy offer hope for early intervention and improved outcomes in addressing sensorineural hearing loss.