The increasing demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources has driven the development of biodiesel as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Biodiesel production offers several advantages, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved energy security, and the potential for rural development. To ensure the long-term sustainability of biodiesel production, it is crucial to identify and utilize feedstocks that are environmentally friendly, economically feasible, and do not compete with food production. This study provides an overview of promising feedstocks that have emerged as key contributors to the green revolution in biodiesel production. One of the non-food-based feedstocks such as algae have gained significant attention due to their high oil content and rapid growth rates. Algae can be cultivated in various environments, including wastewater, saline water, and non-arable land, minimizing the competition for resources with food crops. Additionally, algae-based biodiesel production has the potential to capture and sequester carbon dioxide, thus mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Algae offer several advantages over conventional biodiesel feedstocks, such as high oil content, rapid growth rates, efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption, and the ability to grow in diverse environments. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of biodiesel production from algae, covering various aspects including cultivation methods, lipid extraction techniques, and conversion processes. Additionally, the challenges, opportunities, and future prospects of algal biodiesel are discussed to contribute to the development and commercialization of this promising renewable energy source.