Community health assessment and improvement are vital components of public health practice aimed at identifying health needs, determining priorities, and implementing interventions to enhance the well-being of populations. This review article explores the key concepts, methods, and challenges associated with conducting community health assessments and implementing strategies for health improvement. The article highlights the importance of collaboration among stakeholders, including healthcare providers, public health agencies, community organizations, and residents, in addressing health disparities and promoting health equity. Various tools and frameworks used in community health assessment, such as the Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model and the Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) process, are discussed to guide effective assessment and planning efforts. Additionally, the review examines evidence-based interventions and best practices for addressing prevalent health issues in communities, such as chronic disease management, mental health services, and access to care. The role of technology, data analytics, and community engagement strategies in supporting community health improvement initiatives is also explored. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into the importance of community health assessment and improvement in promoting population health and fostering sustainable healthcare systems.