10 bacterial isolates were isolated from waxworm larvae fed on polyethylene. Among isolated bacteria, Pseudomonas spp.4, Pseudomonas spp.2, Pseudomonas spp.1, and Pseudomonas spp.3 isolates decreased the PE weight by 0.05%, 0.34%, 0.53%, and 0.8%, respectively. According to FTIR analysis, Pseudomonas spp. 2, Pseudomonas spp.1, and Pseudomonas spp.3 isolates produce hydroxyl and carboxyl groups as a result of PE degradation. A PE sample left outdoors in the sun absorbed PE more actively than the bacterial isolates used in the experiment, with a decrease in mass and the formation of hydroxyl, ether, and carboxyl groups. Weak degradation of PE by bacterial isolates is unlikely to affect the long-term survival of waxworm larvae. The uptake of PE by the larva can be enhanced by the action of enzymes in the digestive system of waxworm larvae.