Joint and extra-articular inflammation are hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic autoimmune illness. This condition is long-lasting and mostly affects the synovial joints. Untreated, it spreads from its initial presentation in minor peripheral joints to larger proximal joints. Cartilage and bone deterioration occur as a result of chronic inflammation in a joint. Early RA is diagnosed when symptoms have been present for less than six months, while established RA is diagnosed when symptoms have been present for more than six months. Selectins, integrins, cadherins, nectins and other members of the IgSF, and other adhesion molecules such mucins are the five main classes of adhesion molecules. Some enzymes, such as vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1), contribute to cell adherence alongside the more well-known adhesion molecules. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on the surface of multiple cell populations and upregulated by inflammatory stimuli. It mediates cellular adhesive interactions by binding to the _2 integrins macrophage antigen 1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen 1, as well as other ligands. Many of these molecules play an important role in the mechanism of disease in rheumatoid arthritis.